Introduction of Reported Speech (Direct Indirect Speech)

Introduction of

Reported Speech (Direct Indirect Speech)

Tense		Direct Speech		Reported Speech
Present Simple		He said, “I go to school”		He said that he went to school
Present Continuous		He said, “ I am going to school”		He said that he was going to school
Present Perfect		He said, “ I have gone to school”		He said that he had gone to school
Present Perfect Continuous		He said, “I have been going to school for three years”		He said that he had been going to school for three years
Past Simple		He said, “I went to school”		He said that he had gone to school
Past  Continuous		He said, “ I was going to school when my mother called me”		He said that he had been going  to school when his mother had called him
Past Perfect		He said, “I had gone to school”		He said that he had gone to school
Future Simple		He said, “I shall go to school”		He said that he would go to school
Future  Continuous		He said, “I shall be going to school”		He said that he would be going to school
Modals Auxiliary		He said, “I can go to school”		He said that he could go to school
Modals Auxiliary		He said, “I may  go to school”		He said that he might go to school
Modals Auxiliary		He said, “I must  go to school”		He said that he had to go to school
Modals Auxiliary		He said, “I should  go to school”		He said that he should  go to school
Modals Auxiliary		He said, “I might  go to school”		He said that he had to go to school

Rules of Reported Speech

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
V1	V2
V2	Had+V3
Is/am	Was
Are	Were
Has/have	Had
Can	Could
May	Might
Will/shall	Would (in some cases shall changes into should)
Must	Had to
Ago	Before
Today	That day
Tonight	That night
Yesterday	The day before/ the previous day
Tomorrow	The next day/the following day/the day after
This	That
These	Those
Have	Had
Now	Then
We	They
Us	Them

Conjunctions

Ø     Conjunctions must be used before inverted comma when you join two sentences and use reported speech or indirect speech.

 

Simple sentences	That
‘Wh’  sentences	Starts with ‘Wh’
Imperative positive	To
Imperative positive	Not to
Interrogative  sentences	If/whether
Exclamation sentence	that

 

Examples:

(1)            He said, “Ira arrived on Monday."

Ans. He said that Ira had arrived on Monday.

(2)            He says to them, "You have completed your job.”

Ans. He tells them that they have completed their job.

(3)            Raj said, “I’m teaching English online.”

            Ans.    Raj said that he was teaching English online.

(4)            Ram said, “ I have done my homework”

             Ans. Ram said that he had done his homework.

(5)            Shailesh said, “I am going to Surat.”

Ans. Shailesh said that he was going to Surat.”

(6)            Vipul said, “I will go to school”

Ans. Vipul said that he would go to school.

(7)            Viraj said to me , “I shall come to your house today”

Ans. Viraj told me that he should come to my house that day.

(8)            Varun said, “ She is my best friend”

Ans. Varun said that she was his best friend.

(9)            Rahul said, “I am playing cricket.”

Ans. Rahul said that he was playing cricket.

(10)       Ramesh said, “I am very a handsome boy.”

Ans. Ramesh said that he was a handsome boy.

• Watch Full Video of Direct Indirect Speech 

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

• The words of speaker can be report as two ways:

 

• Direct Speech: the actual words that are being spoken by the speaker are called direct words or direct speech.

 

•   Indirect speech: are not actual words that are not being spoken by the speaker is called indirect words or speech.
  

 

 

Example: 

 

Direct: He said, “I am very busy now.”

Indirect: He said that he was busy then.

 

 

Two main rules are very important when you turn direct sentinel into indirect sentence.

 

1 change of tense

2 change of pronouns

 

Remember this:-

 

•      

 

• Reporting Direct speech

 

Rule No-1

 

• When the reporting or principal verb is in simple present or simple future then the direct speech will not be changed.

 

Example:-

 

• He says,” I like mango fruit” (Direct)
• He says that he likes the M.S. (Indirect )

• He says,” He watches the Kapil  Sharma show.”( Direct )
• He says that he watches the Kapil Sharma show. ( Indirect)

 

Rule: - 2 

 

• When the reporting verb is in simple past but the direct (Tense) speech is in a universal truth then it can not be changed. D.S. wall not change. 

 

Example:-

•  The teacher said,"the moves around the sun." ( Direct)  
•  The teacher said that the moves around the sun." ( Indirect)
  

You will be introduced by new rules very soon...